1. Flowers:
Flowers are the most charming as well as the most fragile of plant materials. They can be hardened by proper cutting and handling. The best results are usually obtained by cutting flowers in the evening or early in the morning and putting them immediately in a pail of water which has been carried in to the garden.
Stems should be cut with a very sharp knife, at an angle so that stem ends will not rest flat. Bubbles of air entering the cut stems, block the intake of water. Therefore, ends of stems of land plants should be burned, and ends of stems of water plants should be held in boiling water for one minute. Most flower stems should be cut while under water. Woody stems should be slit to allow water to enter.

2. Fruits and vegetables:
            The decorative use of all kinds of fruits after unlimited scope in creating exciting arrangements either made exclusively from them or with flowers and foliage.

3.  Foliage:
            Arrangements made entirely of foliage can be extremely beautiful of they are usually very long lasting in comparison with flowers. It is possible to create wonderful colour harmonies from leaves in which little green need appear. The same rules we follow for flower arrangement still apply when leavy materials are being assembled. The most effective monochromatic arrangement are those with strong contrasts of materials. Parts of some plants are leafy in appearance of are decorative. Seed stems, of seed heads as well as immature blossoms of fruits can be grouped under the foliage banner.

4. Containers or Vases:
Off white, soft green and earthy colors are suitable background for flowers. They are of various materials like metal, glass. They vary in size also. The types commonly used are boxes, trays, oblongs, tall, cylinders, narrow necked vases, flat round dishes, low round bowls made out of variety of materials from metals to ceramics to woods and straw with separate water containers inside. For hanging or standing arrangements portions of bamboo stems or banana plant frunks can be used very effectively.

5. Flower holders:
            Needle point holders:    These needle point holders are made up of cast iron heavy blocks or round, rectangular, square, and semicircular with closely spared needle points for fixing the flower stems in desired direction. These holders give a better control and direction than playing in a glass holder.